The selection of works included in the listing attempts to provide information that is both representative of the field as a whole and inclusive enough to provide the reader with adequate information about each topic; however, in making selections from what is sometimes an extensive body of work, the authors applied a number of criteria. Generally, except for certain topics and in the case of "classic" articles, the listing focuses on the literature since 1990. References are cited based on the scientific soundness of the work. For the most part, empirical articles were excluded if they did not meet generally accepted standards for scientific studies. Further, the authors attempted to identify well-researched articles that reviewed information about both polydrug use as well as the individual drugs that are most often misused by pregnant women, i.e., alcohol, cocaine, marijuana, the opiates, and tobacco. The bibliographical listing is preceded by brief explanations about the criteria for the selection of work in each subject category, along with the characteristics of the literature in that category. Ninety annotated listings are provided.