Among the major types of prescription drugs that can lead to dependence or abuse are the opioids, stimulants, and depressants (sedative-hypnotics and antianxiety drugs). Concern also exists about antihistamines, antitussives, and even some drugs used to control blood pressure. The symptoms related to a specific drug are often related to the length of time an individual has been on the drug. Acute and chronic symptoms often differ substantially. Acute and chronic administration of common psychotropic drugs have effects on the central nervous system and other major organ systems such as the heart, lung, kidney, gastrointestinal tract, and liver. Clinicians can make individuals in their care aware of the relationship between symptoms and their drug-taking behavior. Both the client and provider should recognize and acknowledge the prescribing of a psychotropic drug and should include in the treatment plan the duration of use of that drug. Factors that complicate the elimination of prescription drug abuse include the reality that many drugs are both therapeutic agents and street drugs, the inadequate knowledge base provided by much of the information given the public, and the current level of noncompliance related to all types of drugs. Figures, tables, and 32 references