Much useful knowledge in the offender rehabilitation area has been generated in a relatively short period, primarily since the 1960's. Research has shown the average reduction in recidivism for appropriate treatments is 25 percent. Under conditions of optimum therapeutic integrity, even better results can be expected. Research has also identified the following principles of effective intervention: treatment should be based on behavioral strategies, treatment should be located in the offender's natural environment, treatment should be multi-modal; intensity of treatment should include at least 100 hours of direct service over a 3-4 month period, treatment should emphasize positive reinforcement contingencies for prosocial behavior and be individualized to the extent possible, behaviors should be targeted that predict future criminal behavior, treatment should match key offender characteristics and learning styles, treatment continuity through aftercare should be provided as required, and system factors should be in place to ensure effective service delivery. Realities of correctional treatment are examined, and findings of a research study of 101 programs for adult drug offenders are detailed. 2 notes