TO TEST THE EFFICIENCY OF NUCLEAR PLANTS' SECURITY AND TO IDENTIFY THE SPECIFIC DANGERS OF ILLICIT ACTS PERPETRATED BY WHITE-COLLAR CRIMINALS, CONTEMPORARY STUDIES RESPOND TO AN EXPANDED DEFINITION OF SECURITY OBJECTIVES. RATHER THAN MERELY EMPHASIZING SOLUTIONS AND MECHANISMS, ADEQUATE STUDIES MUST ADDRESS ACTUAL AND POTENTIAL SITUTIONS AND THEIR CONSEQUENCES. RATHER THAN BARRIERS, ALARMS, AND RESPONSE TO AN OVERT ATTACK, COMPLETE SECURITY MUST INCLUDE AN AWARENESS OF THE SUBTLETIES AND NUANCES OF WHITE-COLLAR CRIME, ESPECIALLY IN SUCH MATTERS AS THE CONCEALMENT OF THEFT AND DIVERSIONS, THE FORGERY OF DOCUMENTS, AND THE SABOTAGE OF EQUIPMENT BY EMPLOYEES. WITH LITTLE EMPHASIS ON EXISTING REGULATIONS, THIS EXAMINATION OF POTENTIAL VULNERABILITIES FOCUSES ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF WHITE-COLLAR CRIMINALS IN SOCIETY AND APPLIES THE INFORMATION ON THEIR ABILITIES TO THE SITUATION OF THE NUCLEAR INDUSTRY. CONSIDERATION OF RELEVANT ADVERSARY TRAITS AND THE RANGE OF POSSIBLE THREATS PROVIDES A CRIMINOLOGICAL BASIS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF SAFEGUARDS BY AGENCIES WITH TECHNICAL EXPERTISE IN THE NUCLEAR FIELD. EMPHASIS ON PROCEDURAL SAFEGUARDS MAY NOT BE EFFECTIVE AGAINST WHITE-COLLAR CRIMINALS, FOR SUCH PERSONS WILL TOTALLY ADHERE TO PROCEDURE. IF AUTHENTICATION IS REQUIRED, IT WILL BE PRODUCED; IF REASONS ARE DEMANDED, THEY WILL BE SUPPLIED. WHITE-COLLAR ADVERSARY ACTS ARE LIKELY TO CONFORM AS CLOSELY AS POSSIBLE TO 'BUSINESS AS USUAL', BEING CLOAKED IN A FACADE OF LEGITIMACY. ALTHOUGH INDIVIDUALS MAY BE COMPELLED TO CRIMINALITY THROUGH EXTORTION OR DEBT, CLANDESTINE ACTS MAY ALSO OCCUR BECAUSE 'UNAPPRECIATED' OR BORED EMPLOYEES DESIRE TO TEST THE SECURITY SYSTEM AS PART OF A PERSONAL GAME. BECAUSE A POTENTIAL MARKET EXISTS FOR NUCLEAR MATERIALS, REGULATORY AGENCIES MUST DETER CONTACT BETWEEN THE ILLICIT MARKET AND INDUSTRY PERSONNEL BY REQUIRING STRICT RECORDKEEPING AND INDEPENDENT INSPECTIONS. REFERENCES AND CHARTS ARE INCLUDED IN THE TEXT. (TWK)