The original survey was completed in 1970 by 7,050 high school youths; further surveys conducted or reported in 1977, 1980, 1987, and 1990 confirmed the initial findings. The analyses revealed 25 characteristics, which could be grouped into five clusters, each of which defined an area of major concern to youth: self-esteem, family unity and well-being, welfare of all people, personal advantage, and personal faith. These findings and separate research led to the development of criteria for effective youth leaders. The groups of skills revealed as most important included building relationships, being genuine, being available, showing interest, communicating, leading, teaching, creating a community, and encouraging involvement. The discussion emphasizes the need for a ministry to youth to be a collaborative effort in which both adults and youth acknowledge their need to be helped. Crucial factors in a youth ministry are mutuality and mission, based on educational experiences that enable youth and adults to open their minds, develop skills, clarify their values, and encourage commitment. Tables, figures, chapter notes, and 125 references