The first unit provides background information and materials on biochemistry, genetics, and immunology. Subsequent units cover blood and body fluid identification, determination of species of origin, blood groups, and isoenzymes. The next unit covers hemoglobin, serum group systems, and other genetic markers, while the last unit provides information on how to determine the sex of origin, nongenetic markers, and blood component profiling. Forensic serology is broadly defined to include such traditional intellectual disciplines as biochemistry, immunology, and genetics. Significant developments in forensic serology are described, including DNA typing. References, tables, figures, and photographs